Errors in Measurement

Errors in Measurement :

Error = Measured Value – True Value

E_m = V_m - V_t

1. Absolute Error :
  

            True absolute error :

= Result of measurement – True Value

            Apparent Absolute error :

= Result of measurement – Arithmetic Value

2. Relative error :

It is defined as the results of the absolute error and the value of comparison used for 450

calculation of that absolute error.

Causes of Errors :
1. Calibration Error:
             These are caused due to the variation in the calibrated scale from it’s normal value.

2. Environmental Error :
                         These are caused due to humidity condition,Temperature and altitude.
3. Assembly Error:
i. Displaced Scale (incorrect Fitting)
ii. Non –uniform division of the scale.
iii. Due to bent /distorted pointer.

4. Random Error:
                            Naturally Occurred
                            No specific reasons
5. Systematic errors (or) Bias errors:
                                               These are caused due to repeated readings.

6. Chaotic errors :
                           These are caused due to vibrations,noises and shocks.